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16 March 2011

Skill Set: Building Woodworking Low Horses

Skill Set: Building Woodworking Low Horses


Skill Set: Building Woodworking Low Horses

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 04:00 PM PDT

Here’s another wonderful woodworking project from Len Cullum. Editing this really makes me want to build a pair of these, and I don’t even do woodworking! (BTW: See links to all of Len’s articles at the bottom of this piece.) –Gareth

In this installment of my series of Woodworking Skill Set articles, I will be building shop furniture that sees even more action than the sawhorses — these are called “low horses.” Since most Japanese woodwork is done while sitting, it stands to reason that the sawhorses would be short enough to accommodate. And while I don’t do too much work on the floor, I do use the low horses all of the time. They are incredibly useful in general but where they really shine is in keeping whatever I’m working on above the ever-increasing splay of tools that accumulate on my bench. In the years since I made my first pair, I’ve been recommending them to all of my woodworker friends as essential what-did-I-do-before-I-had-these tools. But it isn’t until I make a pair for them that they agree and often go on to make more for themselves.

Constructed using a two by four and a couple of hand tools they’re cheap and easy to build. I usually build them using hardwoods like oak or hickory, but anything will do. The pair pictured above are oak reclaimed from old church pews. For the ones I’m making here, I’ll be using a two by four. Okay, it is admittedly a fancy 2×4 (quarter-sawn hemlock) but a two by four nonetheless. Nothing but the best for the readers of the Make blog I say! As always, choose the clearest, straightest lumber you can find. As far as technique goes, this is mostly about connecting lines. Working both sides at an angle to create a peak in the center, and then gradually reducing the peak to a flat. This approach will give you much more control and cleaner, more accurate results. And that is what good joinery is all about.

What I’m using:

  • Fancy 2″x4″x8′ (1x)
  • Handsaw
  • Sharp chisel
  • Hammer
  • Adjustable Square
  • Glue

Start by breaking the two by four down into its parts, which in this case, are four 8″ long legs and two 22″ long beams. These measurements aren’t critical, they were determined by what I could get out of those original oak boards and I’ve been using them ever since. If you’re cutting them by hand, take a look at the method I outlined in the workhorses article.

Layout:
The legs are joined to the beam using half-lap joints. They are simple to cut but to get them to fit well, the layout has to be right-on, so take your time and be precise. Beginning with one of the legs, find center by measuring in from each end. Then using another leg, find the center of its thickness. Place one leg on the other with center lines together and then mark to either side. Because of the rounded edge on most 2x4s, it’s easier to make the mark by adjusting the square to the length and marking from it. Transfer the line to the other three, both on the edge and about 1/2″ down either side. These are the shoulder lines.



On the beams, mark a line 2″ in from either end and 1/2″ down either side. Place a leg against the line and mark its thickness. Transfer that line as well. Lastly, set the square for 1/2″ and connect all of the pairs of lines.




Saw:
Using a hand saw, cut on the inside of each shoulder line down to the 1/2″ line. If you are still developing your sawing skills, stay a little further inside the lines. You can always make the joint wider, but making it smaller is tough. On any joint like this with a flat area wider than 1″, I often make extra relief cuts in between. This makes chiseling out the waste easier and helps keep the bottom flat.


Chisel:
Once all of the sawing is done, it’s time to chop out the waste. Using a sharp chisel and hammer, start removing wood from the joint. Work at an angle removing about 1/8″ at a time to create a slope to the other side. When you get near the line, flip the piece over and chop from the other side until you reach that line, then using lighter paring cuts, carefully shave away the rest until the then bottom is flat. Work from both sides and check the bottom for square when you are done.




Once all the bottoms have been flattened, it’s time to start the fitting. Letter or number each leg to a corresponding joint on the beams. This is important because each one will be trimmed to fit its own spot. Working one joint at a time, trim one side right to the line, but don’t trim the line away. This is called “saving the line.” Hold the end of the corresponding leg in place and check the layout line. If it doesn’t match up with the line you made redraw it. Trim to the line then repeat the process on the other half of the joint. When both halves of the cut are done, fit them together. The fit should be snug but shouldn’t require more than a couple of light taps with a hammer to seat it.




Make ‘em Pretty:
As far as function goes, the horses are pretty much done. I could just glue them up and call it a day. But since the wood is so nice and they’ll be around my shop for years, I want to take them further. I have seen examples of these horses with legs ranging from simple 45º slopes to curly carved temple brackets. The ones I make fall somewhere in between. Again, there is nothing special about this design, other than it being typical of low horses. Use your imagination and design them how you like.

I begin by making a pattern on a piece of card stock and then transferring it to both sides of each leg. If you have a bandsaw, scroll saw, or coping saw handy, now would be a good time to use it. Since I wanted to build these with a minimum of tools, I am using a regular handsaw to get rid of the waste and then chiseling away the rest.


Staying back from the pattern lines, saw out a notch to remove the bulk between the curves. Then make a cut across the points.



Using a (say it with me) sharp chisel, trim along the edges at an angle to the pattern lines. When both sides are trimmed, pare away the wood in-between, leaving just a bit of the angled edge intact. Clamping the leg to a bench is highly recommended. Be patient and take light shavings. This will save both your chisel and your hands.

When all of the legs are prettified, it’s time to make a relief in the bottom of each leg to create feet. I measured in 2″ from each end and about 1/4″ deep. This layout could be traced from the pattern, but I didn’t think of it until it was too late. Always learning… Using the same method as the half-laps, saw to the lines and chisel away the rest.

The last step before assembly is to use a chisel (or knife or sandpaper) to remove all of the sharp corners. Just avoid the areas near the joints.

The Glue-Up:
All that’s left is to apply some glue to all of the joint surfaces and put them together. It’s a good idea to place them on a flat surface with weight on them while they dry. If your joints are a little loose, you can use epoxy or some other gap filling glue. Foaming, polyurethane glues, like Gorilla glue, work well. For even more strength, a 3/8″ diameter 4″ deep dowel through the bottom of each foot will do the trick.

And there you have it! If you want to take them further still, sand them smooth and apply finish. Or, as I do with all of mine, using double stick tape, add a sacrificial strip of cedar to the top to protect them, and whatever I place on them, from damage. All that’s left now is to put them to use.

More:
Skill Set: Making A Butterfly Spline (Or "Arikata")
Skill Set: Getting Started with Woodworking Power Tools
How-To: Build Japanese Sawhorses
Skill Set: Woodworking project layout and layout tools
Skill Set: Tuning Planes and Chisels
Skill Set: Understanding Basic Woodworking Tools
Our entire Woodworking Archive on MAKE

Hylas 1 completes testing, Europe's first broadband satellite to start serving customers next week

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:44 PM PDT

It hasn't exactly been all that long since Avanti Communications' Hylas 1 satellite blasted off at the end of November, but it's now almost ready to start spreading some wireless broadband across 16 countries in Europe. Avanti just announced today that the satellite's in-orbit testing phase has been a "complete success," and that it will go into service sometime next week with an initial test group of customers, before beginning a broader transition on April 4th. All told, over 60 operators have signed up to offer the satellite broadband service to customers, which promises to offer connections of up to 10Mbps to folks in even the most rural areas. It's also only just the beginning -- Avanti plans to launch Hylas 2 sometime in the second quarter of 2012, which will extend its coverage to Africa and the Middle East.

[Thanks, Brett]

Continue reading Hylas 1 completes testing, Europe's first broadband satellite to start serving customers next week

Hylas 1 completes testing, Europe's first broadband satellite to start serving customers next week originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 15 Mar 2011 18:44:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Spout for iPhone Beautifies Your Feeds One Post at a Time [Video]

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:40 PM PDT

Kinetic typography has a way of making any random group of words look super important, and Spout is no exception. It takes your Facebook, Twitter and Google Reader feeds and turns posts into well-designed animations, which are then presented in real time or on a cycle, based on your preference. Even the dullest tweets become emotionally-charged works of art. Who knows, maybe now you'll actually care what your old high school friends are up to. $1. [iTunes] More »


Linux 2.6.38 Released

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:39 PM PDT

darthcamaro writes "The new Linux 2.6.38 kernel is now out, and it's got a long list of performance improvements that should make Linux a whole lot faster. The kernel includes support for Transparent Huge Pages, Transmit Packet Steering (XPS), automatic process grouping, and a new RCU (Read/Copy/Update)-based path name lookup. '"This patch series was both controversial and experimental when it went in, but we're very hopeful of seeing speedups," James Bottomley, distinguished engineer at Novell said. "Just to set expectations correctly, the dcache/path lookup improvements really only impact workloads with large metadata modifications, so the big iron workloads (like databases) will likely see no change. However, stuff that critically involves metadata, like running a mail server (the postmark benchmark) should improve quite a bit."'"

Read more of this story at Slashdot.


Google's Updated iOS App Might Make You Use It Now [Video]

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:30 PM PDT

I was always confused at how popular the Google Mobile App was on the iPhone. Did people use it? It was the third most popular free iOS app of all time! Why didn't people just use the search bar in Safari instead? I don't know! In any case, the Google Mobile App got a complete revamp complete with a new name: Google Search. The app is more than a glorified web-site-in-an-app now, with snazzy gestures that reveal a toolbar with specific search options (Images, News, Shopping, etc) and the usual voice search and Goggles options. It may take me a little to re-wire my brain into using it, but I think I'll be able to find the stuff I need faster. [iTunes via Google Mobile] More »


Google Search for iPhone replaces Google Mobile app

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:30 PM PDT

Google Mobile for iPhone has become Google Search for iPhone, and the new name comes with a new look and some additional features. There's a slick-looking new sidebar -- activated by swiping to the right -- where you can decide what kind of results you want to see, including news, images and all the other familiar Google search types.

Once you get your results, swiping down will reveal the search bar and let you change your settings. At the bottom of the screen, there's an "apps" button that offers easy access to the mobile web versions of other Google products. The microphone icon activates Voice Search, and the camera icon opens Google Goggles.

Google has made subtle improvements within the app, too, including upgrades for Goggles, Voice Search, Search With My Location and Gmail unread counts. Ubiquitous help buttons everywhere in the app will fill you in on all of the cool feature updates.

Google Search is available for free in the App Store now.

Google Search for iPhone replaces Google Mobile app originally appeared on Download Squad on Tue, 15 Mar 2011 17:30:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Verizon offers unlimited LTE data plan for HTC Thunderbolt, don't expect it to stick around

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:15 PM PDT

Verizon execs have been clear as crystal that unlimited smartphone data will follow the dodo -- perhaps as soon as summer of this year -- but in the meanwhile you can drink your fill of the best as the HTC Thunderbolt will launch this Thursday with an unlimited LTE data plan. While we've no guarantees how long it will last, or whether you can grandfather the $30 monthly option into bigger and better devices down the road, it does open up a whole new avenue of opportunity for the Thunderbolt. Considering that Verizon's 4G USB modems top out at for 10GB of LTE data for $80 a month, the HTC handset just became the most powerful, affordable MiFi you could possibly own. Assuming battery life is decent, of course. Find the full PR below.

Continue reading Verizon offers unlimited LTE data plan for HTC Thunderbolt, don't expect it to stick around

Verizon offers unlimited LTE data plan for HTC Thunderbolt, don't expect it to stick around originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 15 Mar 2011 18:15:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Sony wants to hire hackers now?

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:02 PM PDT

Sony Offers a job to a hacker, Whilst Suing another via Reddit. A commenter on image sums it up nicely…

Just an FYI since it hasn’t been stated yet, but for those of you who do not know, Koushik Dutta is the main developer behind Clockwork Recovery which is pretty much the only reason we have as many rooted Android phones as we do (including the latest Motorola phones).

There is no doubt that Android and the PS3 are wonderfully fantastic devices, but without hackers like Koushik and GeoHot, we would be nothing more than sheep, blindly accepting whatever commercially crippled b*llshit large corporations are generous enough to sling at us. I am greatly appreciative of their work and as soon as I am able, I will definitely be making considerable donations to each of them.

In my article (Sony's War on Makers, Hackers, and Innovators) I suggested Sony hire some of these amazing makers and innovators instead of suing them – it looks like they’re trying, but they should drop the geohot lawsuit first.

Steel Guitar in a Sink

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:00 PM PDT

Prolific MAKE contributor Andrew Lewis sent us this video of a guy who built a steel guitar into a steel sink top. Add a washboard bass and you’re ready to jam and do housework!

A Wailing Tribute To the Wah-Wah Pedal [Video]

Posted: 15 Mar 2011 03:00 PM PDT

From its humble beginnings as the Cry Baby pedal through its ubiquitous presence in porn soundtracks to the essential role it plays today in nearly any genre you can name, the wah-wah pedal deserves a little more recognition than it's gotten historically. Until now, anyway. Because this hour-long homage to the electric guitar's grooviest friend guides you through the wah-wah's world with the voices of the legendary rockers who made it famous. [OHYST] More »


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